Vehicle suspension, steering, damping and anti-roll system with linear wheel travel

ABSTRACT

A vehicle suspension, steering, damping and anti-roll system for a wheeled vehicle. Unlike most previous vehicle suspension and steering systems, this invention uses a rod-in-sleeve design for the front and rear suspension assemblies to allow vertical linear wheel knuckle movement of the wheels. This invention is unusual by using a cable-operated steering system and also by using cables to transfer cable tension from upward wheel movement to remote spring/shock absorber assemblies. Also unique is the use of a spring/shock absorber assembly arrangement that provides both suspension and anti-roll effects for a pair of right and left wheels in the same unit. The rear suspension proposed shares some similarities to the front suspension and consists of a dual rod-in-sleeve design with cables that transfer forces from road bumps to a remote spring assembly.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not applicable

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX

Not applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Vehicle suspension and steering system variations for 4 or 3-wheel vehicle designs have been extensively researched and refined. Although many improvements have been made to date, most modern systems continue to be plagued, to some extent, by problems of bump/brake steer, alignment difficulties, inaccurate turning radius angles, alignment changes during road irregularities, anti-roll limitations, lack of adjustability, excessive driver steering strength requirements (often leading to need for power steering), weight, lack of adjustability of suspension rate, lack of adjustability of anti-roll, high unsprung weight and assembly bulkiness. Some of these drawbacks of conventional systems are described below.

Most conventional vehicle steering systems (especially automotive) use a design that includes a tie rod attaching to a pivoting arm (through ball joint or other means) to the wheel knuckle and spindle. While the vehicle is driving straight forward, the tie rod is angled 90 degrees from the steering arm pivot and maximal force is transferred from tie rod to steering arm due to this angle. As the vehicle turns (either right or left), the angle between the tie rod and steering arm pivot changes and the efficiency of transfer of force from tie rod to steering arm is diminished due to the change in angles. The end result of this loss in efficiency of transferred forces to the steering arm is an increase in the steering force needed from the driver's steering input (or increased load on the power steering unit).

The (unequal length) double wishbone (or unequal length A-arm) suspension system is considered by many, especially in the racing field, as the gold standard by which other suspension systems are measured. This type of suspension has favorable aspects including overall strength and its ability to control camber during vertical suspension movements. Drawbacks of this type suspension include bump steer (Ackerman angle and steering direction changes during bumps), brake steer (steering angle changes during braking or undesirable steering turning forces transferred to the driver or power steering unit during braking), caster changes during road bumps (causing wandering of the tire/wheel and steering angle changes), toe-in changes during road bumps (causing inaccurate Ackerman angles, steering wander, loss of traction and tire wear).

High unsprung weight is another drawback of most conventional suspension systems. Conventional suspensions often incorporate a spring and shock absorber that rest on an A-arm of the suspension, thus contributing to the unsprung weight of the vehicle. Some (usually rear-engine) racing vehicles minimize unsprung weight by using a pushrod or pullrod to transfer forces from vertical suspension movement to a spring and shock absorber mounted on the sprung portion of the vehicle.

Changing of the springs, and therefore changing of the spring rate, of conventional systems usually requires lifting of the vehicle and wheel removal. This is a cumbersome process which makes fine-tuning or frequent changes of spring rate very inconvenient and time-consuming

Conventional anti-roll systems often incorporate a torsion (anti-roll) bar that resists the tendency of the vehicle to lean during turns. These anti-roll bars are typically non-adjustable metal bars that pivot on a frame bushing and attach to the A-arms of the suspension. These anti-roll bars contribute to unsprung (and total) suspension weight.

Rod-in-sleeve (sliding) type suspensions have been designed for aircraft, bicycles, snowmobiles and, to a lesser extent, automobiles and other vehicles. The designs for automotive vehicles have been limited in number and have not been successful thus far. The lack of success of automotive rod-in-sleeve designs is likely multifactorial. Rod-in-sleeve designs may have not adequately overcome enough of the limitations of conventional suspension systems (as discussed above) to justify retooling. Other reasons for the lack of success with rod-in-sleeve designs may be the new problems encountered with some designs including bulkiness, lack of strength, lack of adequate steerability, inadequate lubrication mechanisms, difficulty integrating anti-roll mechanisms and poor durability.

As discussed above, conventional steering/suspension/anti-roll systems have many limitations which have been a challenge to overcome, even after some attempts at rod-in-sleeve designs.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is comprised of numerous components which work together to produce a system for steering, suspending, shock absorbing and maintaining anti-roll for a wheeled vehicle. This invention improves on many of the limitations of common suspension designs. Compared to most conventional suspension and steering designs, the proposed suspension system:

1. reduces the tendency of the wheel to change its turning angle, caster or camber during a bump (bump steer) by using a rod-in-sleeve design to maintain wheel travel in a linear vertical direction, thus maintaining accurate steering angles during wheel travel.

2. allows for more accurate control of steering angles of outside and inside wheels (Ackerman angle) during turns by allowing for use of a cam in the steering system for accurate steering angle titration.

3. allows more efficient transmission of driver steering input forces from steering wheel to the steering knuckle by use of a steering cable pulley, thus reducing losses of steering forces often encountered in tie rod/pivoting steering arm type suspension during sharp turns (high pivot angles).

4. allows for reduced bulkiness of suspension components near the wheel/tire since the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly can be placed remotely. Force from road bumps is transferred from wheel knuckle to a cable which subsequently transfers force to the remote spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly.

5. provides for the possibility of easier adjustment of suspension spring rate and anti-roll since it maintains springs, shock absorbers and the anti-roll mechanism in a common location which can be made easily accessible by appropriate vehicle design.

6. provides sufficient lubrication to moving parts of the suspension system by using oil to provide lubrication to the rods and sleeves. Seals and scraper blades are used to prevent leakage of oil and keep oscillating shafts free of debris.

7. allows for increased interior occupant and cargo space since spring/shock absorber/anti-roll can be mounted in an area that does not limit this interior space.

8. eliminates the need for a separate anti-sway device by integrating the suspension and anti-roll into a distinct working unit.

9. reduces unsprung weight by mounting the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly to the sprung part of the vehicle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a frontal view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly with a translucent wheel/tire shown for reference.

FIG. 2 is a frontal view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly.

FIG. 3 is a lateral (viewing from right side of vehicle) view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly.

FIG. 4 is a medial view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly.

FIG. 5 is top view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly. Section line for FIG. 10 is shown.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly.

FIG. 7 is a close-up (magnified) exploded view of the upper portion of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly. FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are non-contiguous drawings with some overlapping of areas.

FIG. 8 is a close-up (magnified) exploded view of the middle portion of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly.

FIG. 9 is a close-up (magnified) exploded view of the lower portion of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly.

FIG. 10 is a front sectional view of the right front wheel-based suspension assembly with steering cables and oil reservoir/tubing removed.

FIG. 11 is a frontal view of the suspension sleeve.

FIG. 12 is a posterior view of the sleeve.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the sleeve.

FIG. 14 is a top view of the steering pulley.

FIG. 15 is a frontal view of the steering pulley.

FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are perspective views of the steering pulley.

FIG. 18 is a view of the cable connection between the steering shaft pulley and the wheel-based steering pulley.

FIG. 19 is a frontal view of the right rear wheel-based suspension system. Section line for drawing in FIG. 21 is shown.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the right rear wheel-based suspension system.

FIG. 21 is a lateral view (viewing from right side of vehicle) of a cutaway section of the right rear wheel-based suspension system.

FIG. 22 is an exploded view of the right rear wheel-based suspension system.

FIG. 23 is a frontal view of the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly.

FIG. 24 is an exploded view of the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly.

FIG. 25 is a close-up (magnified) exploded view of the upper portion of the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly. FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 are non-contiguous views with some overlap of areas.

FIG. 26 is a close-up (magnified) exploded view of the lower portion of the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly.

FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly.

FIG. 28 is a view of the cable connection between the right wheel-based suspension and the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the right front wheel-based suspension system mounted on the frame of the vehicle.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the right rear wheel-based suspension system mounted on the frame of the vehicle.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view showing examples of possible mounting locations of the suspension and spring assemblies.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the right front wheel-based suspension system which incorporates small wheels mounted on the steering pulley to apply pressure to the knuckle spindle support (instead of using a secondary bore of the steering pulley to apply forces to a secondary rod of the knuckle).

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the right front wheel-based suspension system which incorporates a steering-rod type linkage to the steering pulley instead of a cable system.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the steering pulley with the optional rod-type steering linkage instead of a cable type linkage.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the right front wheel-based suspension system under no-load situation (uncompressed). Note the sleeve situated on the upper end of the main rod in this scenario.

FIG. 36 is a medial view of the right front wheel-based suspension system under full-load situation (during road bump, compressed). Note the sleeve situated on the lower end of the main rod in this scenario.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the right front wheel-based suspension system during a sharp left turn (32 degrees). The subframe is shown but the vehicle frame is not shown in this picture.

FIG. 38 is a medial view of the right front wheel-based suspension system during sharp left turn (32 degrees). Turn movement is limited to 32 degrees in this configuration due to large (12 inch) rim width and large positive rim offset whereby medial rim surface comes in close proximity to steering cable route. Smaller rim width or smaller rim offset will allow larger degrees of turning angle.

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a cam that has been placed on the steering wheel column shaft to maintain proper toe-in on turns.

FIG. 40 shows a right front wheel-based suspension system that is designed to incorporate a lubricating block of PTFE or nylon on the anterior and posterior vertical surfaces of the spindle support frame of the knuckle (as opposed to using a secondary rod and steering pulley bore).

FIG. 41 shows a steering pulley designed to incorporate a contact surface for a lubricating block of PTFE or nylon that glides on the vertical surface of the spindle support frame of the knuckle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Description of Components Involved in Suspension Travel

The wheel attaches to hub 132. During road bumps, the upward tire force is transferred to the main rod of the knuckle 111 via the wheel spindle 133 and spindle frame of the knuckle 129. This upward force causes the knuckle assembly to move in an upward, linear direction. The knuckle assembly components move up and down in concert. The knuckle assembly components consist of the spindle support frame 129, the upper knuckle frame 102, the main rod 111, the lower end cap 123 and the secondary rod 128. The knuckle assembly moves up or down relative to the subframe 116 (and vehicle frame) while sliding in the sleeve 109. As the knuckle assembly moves upward, the upper part of the suspension cable 106 moves upward and increases cable tension. The suspension cable contains a stop 105 at its top end. Upward movements of the knuckle assembly are transmitted to washer 151, inner bearing race of bearing 150, to outer bearing race of bearing 150, to bearing cap 104, to bearing cap pin 171 and then to the suspension cable 106. The rotating bearing cap 104 does not rotate in relation to the subframe but rotates in relation to the steering knuckle on its bearing 150. The pin 171 of the rotating bearing cap 104 continuously points toward the vehicle thus maintaining alignment of the cable 106 with its associated cable pulley 113. The rotating bearing cap allows the cable 106 to travel in an up/down motion only (no rotation in relation to subframe). The suspension cable 106 connects to the bearing cap 104 on one end and to a pulley (310 or 305) of the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll assembly on the other.

Components involved in steering motion of the wheel-based steerable suspension system (front wheels):

The steering pulley 119 pivots on a bearing 155. The bearing 155 is held in place between the steering pulley 119 and sleeve 109 by upper and lower clips. Upper inner clip 152 rests in sleeve groove 191, contacts spacer 153 which then contacts the upper inner bearing race of the bearing 155. Lower inner clip 157 rests in sleeve groove 192, contacts spacer 160 which then contacts the lower inner bearing race of bearing 155. Upper outer clip rests in the upper inner groove of the steering pulley 119 and contacts the outer bearing race of bearing 155. Lower outer clip rests in the lower inner groove of the steering pulley 119 and contacts the lower edge of the outer bearing race of bearing 155. The pivoting motion of the steering pulley allows for pivoting of the knuckle.

Driver steering wheel motion can be converted to steering cable motion by a variety of mechanisms. A proposed mechanism is a pulley placed on the steering wheel shaft. For accurate toe-in and toe-out on turns, a cam may be placed on the steering wheel shaft (or between steering wheel shaft and wheel-based suspension components) so that the inside wheel turns at a greater angle than the outer wheel on turns, thus adjusting for toe-in on turns (Ackerman angle).

Two cables (118 and 140) from the driver steering system attach to the steering pulley 119. Differential input from the two steering cables causes the steering pulley 119 to rotate on the bearing 155. The secondary bore 179 of the steering pulley 119 is lubricated by oil residing in the oil reservoir 178 which flows through oil hole 183. The secondary bore 179 of the steering pulley 119 contains grooves towards the upper and lower portions of the inner bore for upper/lower o-rings and upper/lower scraper blades. The o-rings prevent leakage of oil and the scraper blades clean the secondary rod of debris. When differential steering input is applied, the steering pulley rotates and applies horizontal pressure to the secondary shaft of the knuckle 128 and thereby causes rotation of the knuckle about the axis (main rod 111). The secondary bore 179 of the steering pulley 119 acts as a sleeve for the secondary rod 128 and allows the secondary rod 128 to move up/down inside the steering pulley 119 during road bumps while also transferring turning (horizontal) forces to the secondary rod 128. The secondary rod makes up part of the steering knuckle assembly and rotation of the secondary rod 128 causes the steering knuckle assembly and thus the wheel/tire to rotate (turn).

For camber adjustment, shims can be used between contact surfaces of upper and lower subframe and the vehicle frame. Ideally, a small amount of negative camber should be maintained for maximum tire contact patch area during turns (to compensate for mild vehicle sway). The vehicle sway can be minimized with anti-roll adjustments as described below in the paragraph regarding the spring/shock absorber/anti-roll components. When shims are placed between subframe and frame and used to place negative camber, a few degrees of steering axis inclination are introduced and this scenario can improve steering feel.

Caster can be adjusted by mounting the subframe slightly clockwise or counterclockwise (based on a lateral observer viewpoint) on the frame. The use of cables and steering pulley reduces the loss of turning force that would be have otherwise introduced by a more conventional tie rod/pivot/steering arm type steering during sharp turns. Since the steering pulley 119 remains fixed vertically and performs only pivoting movements in the horizontal plane, there are no changes in steering angle, caster, camber or steering axis inclination during suspension travel.

Description of Components Involved in Braking:

The brake caliper 101 for the right front suspension is mounted to upper part of the knuckle 102 using a caliper bracket 135. The brake caliper applies pressure to the brake disc 131. The rear suspension proposed is designed for use with an inboard type brake assembly (not shown), thereby reducing unsprung weight.

Description of Components Involved in Anti-Roll and Bump Absorption/Damping:

Right and left wheel-based suspension cables (309 and 306) attach to their respective pulleys (310 and 305). Tension and movement from these cables (309 and 306) cause the pulleys (310 and 305) to rotate on their respective bearings (313 and 328). Two (2) shorter cables (325 and 324) attach to the pulleys (310 and 305) on one end and to the spring compression plates (301 and 302) on the other. As the tension from cables (309 and 306) cause the pulleys (310 and 305) to rotate, the shock absorbers (311 and 304) are compressed and the smaller cables (325 and 324) pull the spring compression plates (301 and 302) downward. As the spring compression plates (301 and 302) press downward, the springs (312 and 303) compress and apply pressure on the guided spring base plate 314 which in turn applies pressure on the third spring 307. The third spring 307 rests on center spring support plate 308. The base plate guiding rod 317 slides in its sleeve 315 with grease lubricating the outer rod and inner sleeve surface. The posterior surface of the guided spring base plate 314 is lubricated with grease or PTFE strip and glides on the mounting plate 318. The base plate 314 is restricted to a linear up/down motion by the guiding rod 317 and mounting plate 318. For example, if the right wheel rises in response to a road bump, the wheel-based suspension cables (for example, right cable 309) will pull on the upper end of the right spring 312 and cause compression of the third spring 307 due to the linear motion of the guided spring base plate 314. In the example, the left spring 302 will move downward to some extent, following the guided spring base plate 314 which it rests upon. This lowering of the left spring (following the downward movement of the guided spring base plate 314 will cause (through reduction of tension of its associated suspension cable) the left wheel to rise, following the rise of the right wheel and thus produce an anti-roll effect. The u-bracket 316 holds the sleeve 315 in place (fixed in relation to mounting plate 318). Upper ends of the shocks (311 and 304) are mounted on spacer blocks (329 and 323). Lower ends of the shocks are mounted to pulleys (310 and 305) and are compressed as the pulleys rotate, producing a damping effect to the wheel during road bumps. Bolts 330 attach the sleeve 315 to the u-bracket 316.

PARTS LIST FOR DRAWINGS

-   101. Brake caliper, front, right -   102. Knuckle, upper portion, right wheel -   103. Bolt, rotating cable attachment site assembly -   104. Bearing cap, rotating cable attachment site assembly -   105. Cable stop -   106. Cable, vertical suspension movement transfer -   107. Oil tube -   108. Oil reservoir -   109. Sleeve for rod of steering knuckle, right -   110. Scraper seal, upper, for knuckle sleeve, right front wheel -   111. Main Rod of right knuckle -   112. Bolt, subframe to sleeve, right front wheel, upper-anterior -   113. Pulley, for redirection of cable during transfer of vertical     suspension movement -   114. Bolt—subframe to pulley, right front wheel, front upper -   115. Washer—subframe to pulley, right front wheel, front -   116. Subframe assembly, right front wheel -   117. Cable, vertical suspension movement transfer -   118. Cable, steering, right front wheel, front cable -   119. Pulley, steering, right front wheel -   120. Washer, subframe to sleeve, right front wheel, front -   121. Bolt, subframe to sleeve, right front wheel, front -   122. Scraper seal lower, for knuckle sleeve, right front wheel -   123. Knuckle, lower end cap -   124. Bolt, lower end cap to main rod of knuckle, medial -   125. Bolt, lower end cap to main rod of knuckle, lateral -   126. Bolt, lower end cap to secondary rod of knuckle -   127. Bolt, lower end cap to spindle support of knuckle -   128. Secondary rod of knuckle, right front wheel -   129. Knuckle, spindle support portion -   130. Bolt, cable to steering pulley, front -   131. Brake disc, right front wheel -   132. Hub, right front wheel -   133. Spacer, spindle bearing -   134. Wheel spindle -   135. Brake caliper bracket -   136. Bolt, brake caliper bracket, upper, right front wheel -   137. Washer, subframe to sleeve, right front wheel, front upper -   138. Washer, subframe to sleeve, right front wheel, rear upper -   139. Bolt, subframe to sleeve, right front wheel, rear upper -   140. Cable, steering, right front wheel, rear cable -   141. Nut—subframe to pulley, right front wheel, rear -   142. Washer, subframe to pulley, right front wheel, rear -   143. Spacer, rear, subframe to pulley bearing -   144. Spacer, front, subframe to pulley bearing -   145. Oil reservoir cap, steering pulley reservoir -   146. Bolt, caliper bracket, posterior -   147. Bolt, caliper bracket, lower -   148. Bolt, caliper bracket, anterior -   149. Washer, upper, rotating cable attachment site assembly -   150. Bearing, rotating cable attachment site assembly -   151. Washer, lower, rotating cable attachment site assembly -   152. Retaining clip, inner, to upper sleeve groove, mates with upper     bearing spacer -   153. Spacer, mates to retaining clip on upper side, mates to inner     bearing race on lower side -   154. Retaining clip, outer, mates to upper surface of outer bearing     race, rests in upper steering pulley groove -   155. Bearing, allows for steering pulley pivoting movement -   156. Retaining clip, outer, mates to lower surface of outer bearing     race, rests in lower steering pulley groove. -   157. Retaining clip, inner, mates to lower surface of lower bearing     spacer, rests in lower outer sleeve groove -   158. O-ring seal, upper, rests in inner upper o-ring sleeve groove -   159. O-ring seal, lower, rests in inner lower o-ring sleeve groove -   160. Spacer, mates to retaining clip on lower side, mates to inner     bearing race on upper side -   161. Scraper seal, lower, rests in secondary (smaller) steering     pulley bore -   162. O-ring, lower, rests in lower o-ring groove of secondary     (smaller) steering pulley bore -   163. Bearing, posterior, rests inside of pulley bore -   164. Bearing, anterior, rests inside of pulley bore -   165. O-ring seal, upper, rests in upper o-ring groove of secondary     (smaller) steering pulley bore -   166. Scraper seal, upper, rests in secondary (smaller) steering     pulley bore -   167. Wheel bearing, outer -   168. Wheel bearing, inner -   169. Washer, subframe to sleeve, rear, lower -   170. Bolt, lower knuckle end cap, connects lower knuckle end cap to     main rod, medial -   171. Pin, bearing cap, rotating cable attachment site assembly. -   172. Bolt, subframe to sleeve, rear lower -   174. Bolt, rear steering cable -   175. Bolt, lower knuckle end cap, connects lower knuckle end cap to     main knuckle rod, lateral -   176. Bolt, lower knuckle end cap, connects lower knuckle end cap to     secondary knuckle rod -   177. Bolt, lower knuckle end cap, posterior, connects lower knuckle     end cap to knuckle spindle support -   178. Oil reservoir for steering pulley -   179. Secondary (smaller) bore of steering pulley -   180. Primary bore (larger) of steering pulley -   181. Threaded hole for front steering cable attachment -   182. Groove for front steering cable -   183. Oil hole for secondary bore -   184. Groove for upper scraper blade, secondary bore, steering pulley -   185. Groove for upper o-ring, secondary bore, steering pulley -   187. Threaded hole for rear steering cable attachment -   188. Groove for rear steering cable -   189. Threaded hole, lower front, for bolt that attaches subframe to     sleeve -   190. Threaded hole, upper front, for bolt that attaches subframe to     sleeve -   191. Retaining clip groove, upper -   192. Retaining clip groove, lower -   193. Threaded hole, lower rear, for bolt that attaches subframe to     sleeve -   194. Oil hole, feeds oil from external reservoir to inner sleeve     housing surface -   195. Threaded hole, upper rear, for bolt that attaches subframe to     sleeve -   196. Upper scraper blade groove, sleeve -   197. Upper o-ring groove, sleeve -   301. Spring compression plate assembly, right -   302. Spring compression plate assembly, left -   303. Upper spring, left -   304. Shock, left -   305. Pulley, left -   306. Cable—attaches pulley to left rotating cable attachment site     bearing cap -   307. Spring, lower center (largest) -   308. Support plate for center spring -   309. Cable—attaches pulley to right rotating cable attachment site     bearing cap -   310. Pulley, right -   311. Shock absorber, right -   312. Upper spring, right -   313. Bearing for right pulley -   314. Guided spring base plate -   315. Sleeve for base plate guiding rod -   316. U-bracket for sleeve -   317. Base plate guiding rod -   318. Mounting plate -   319. Washer for bearing bolt of spring assembly -   320. Bolt for bearing of spring assembly, left -   321. Bolt for lower shock absorber, left -   322. Bolts for center spring support plate (4 total) -   323. Spacer block, left, for upper end of shock absorber of spring     assembly -   324. Cable—Attaches to left spring compression plate -   325. Cable—Attaches to right spring compression plate. -   327. Bolts—for attachment of U-bracket to mounting plate -   328. Bearing for left pulley -   329. Spacer block, right, for upper end of shock absorber of spring     assembly -   330. Bolts—for attachment of spring guiding rod sleeve to u-bracket,     right side -   331. Bolt, for lower shock absorber, right -   332. Bolts—for attachment of spring guiding rod sleeve to u-bracket,     left side -   401. Rod, anterior, right rear suspension assembly -   402. Wheel studs, right rear wheel -   403. Wheel spindle -   404. Sleeve, anterior -   405. Scraper blade, lower, anterior sleeve -   406. Bolt, mounts pulley to underside of suspension -   407. Cable, attaches to underside of hub on one end and spring     assembly on other -   408. Pulley, for cable -   409. Bottom plate -   410. Universal joint -   411. Oil tube, anterior -   412. Oil reservoir, anterior -   413. Bolt, anterior, mounts upper plate to anterior rod -   414. Bolt, posterior, mounts upper plate to posterior rod -   415. Upper plate -   416. Scraper blade, upper, anterior sleeve -   417. Spindle washer -   418. Spindle nut -   419. Oil reservoir, posterior -   420. Oil tube, posterior -   421. Scraper blade, upper, posterior sleeve -   422. Sleeve, posterior -   423. Bearing, medial -   424. Rod, posterior -   425. Hub -   426. O-ring, upper, posterior sleeve -   427. O-ring, upper, anterior sleeve -   428. Bearing, outer -   429. Bolt, cable bracket, anterior -   430. Bolt, cable bracket, posterior -   431. Washer, anterior, for pulley bolt -   432. Bearing, pulley, anterior -   433. Washer, middle, used as spacer between bearings -   434. Bearing, pulley, posterior -   435. Washer, pulley, posterior -   436. Nut, for pulley bolt -   437. Scraper blade, lower, posterior sleeve -   438. O-ring, lower, posterior sleeve -   439. O-ring, lower, anterior sleeve -   440. Cable attachment plate -   501. Small wheals mounted on bearings which contact anterior and     posterior vertical surfaces of knuckle spindle support. -   502. Vertical surface of spindle support frame where a PTFE or nylon     lubricating strip can be applied. -   503. Vertical surface of steering pulley where a PTFE or nylon     lubricating strip can be applied. 

1. Vehicle suspension and steering arrangement (for the turning wheels) and system composed of: a. A tubular sleeve attached to a vehicle structural component (such as the vehicle frame) either directly or indirectly. The sleeve is intended to remain stationary in relation to the frame or vehicle structure during suspension movements. b. A rod or tube which resides inside the sleeve. This rod is attached (on its upper and lower ends) to the steering knuckle assembly and the rod/steering knuckle assembly both oscillates inside the sleeve when vertical forces are applied to the wheel/tire and also rotates inside the sleeve when steering input is applied. c. A rotating steering input attachment component that revolves on the sleeve. The rotating steering input attachment is restricted to rotational movements only around the stationary (compared to frame or subframe) sleeve. The steering input attachment component accepts steering forces that originate from driver steering wheel input. The rotating steering input attachment component transmits rotational steering (turning) forces to the knuckle. d. A rotating cable attachment site assembly that is mounted on the upper end of the rod/knuckle assembly. This rotating cable attachment site assembly moves up and down in response to road bumps and transmits this up and down suspension movement to a cable. The distant end of the cable is intended to ultimately attach to a spring/shock absorber assembly.
 2. Vehicle suspension arrangement (for non-turning, usually rear, wheels) consisting of: a. Two vertical rods mounted to upper and lower plates. The plates are mounted to the frame or subframe of the vehicle. b. Two vertical sleeves that are larger than the vertical rods and oscillate/slide on these rods when the suspension encounters a road bump or surface change. c. A wheel hub that is attached between the anteriorly and posteriorly positioned vertically oscillating sleeves. This wheel hub houses wheel bearings and spindle for a driven or undriven wheel. d. A cable attachment site on the wheel hub that moves in concert with the vertical sleeves during wheel movement (road bumps) and exerts tension on the suspension cable. e. A pulley that acts to redirect the suspension cable.
 3. Spring arrangement that produces suspension as well as anti-roll effect. This unit may be placed remotely from the wheel-based suspension components to accommodate space limitations or for convenience. The assembly contains 3 springs in total. The arrangement includes 2 springs which rest on a common base plate. The common base plate is guided in a linear direction by a rod and sleeve or other mechanism. The 2 springs discussed above will be referred to as the right and left springs. Suspension movement from a pair of wheels is transferred independently to one end of the right and left springs. As the right or left spring becomes compressed, this force is transferred to the guided common base plate and then to the third spring. The common base plate moves linearly in response to forces transmitted from the right and left springs. The third spring rests on a stationary plate. The guided common plate moves toward and compresses the third spring during suspension bumps. This unique spring arrangement enables the unit to perform the combined tasks of independent suspension as well as anti-roll for a pair of vehicle wheels.
 4. An arrangement in claim #1 whereby the rod/knuckle/spindle support structure includes two vertical rods. The larger (main) rod, as explained previously, both oscillates and rotates inside a sleeve to allow for both steering and suspension movements. The smaller (secondary) rod is used as a contact surface for the steering (smaller) bore of the steering pulley. This smaller rod accepts horizontal forces from the steering pulley and acts to enact turning of the steering knuckle around the axis of the main rod.
 5. An arrangement in the suspension in claim #1 whereby the steering pulley transmits forces to the anterior and posterior vertical surface of the spindle support via small wheels (or an elongated pair of single wheels mounted on areas of steering pulley that are anterior and posterior to a vertical surface of the steering knuckle) which rotate on bearings. These small wheels (or pair of elongated single wheels) and associated bearings are attached to the steering pulley. The perimeters of the wheels make contact with the (anterior and posterior) vertical spindle surface and apply forces necessary to cause the knuckle assembly (spindle attachment, rotating/oscillating suspension rod) to rotate and subsequently cause turning of the wheel/tire assembly. This arrangement negates the need for the secondary rod of the steering knuckle and negates the need for the secondary bore of the steering pulley.
 6. An arrangement in the suspension in claim #1 whereby a vertical surface of the steering pulley contains a lubricating layer of PTFE or nylon for lubrication which contacts the vertical surface of the knuckle spindle support instead of an oiled rod/sleeve system. The lubricating block of PTFE or nylon can be attached to a vertical surface of the steering pulley and/or a vertical surface of the knuckle spindle support. This arrangement negates the need for the secondary rod of the steering knuckle and negates the need for the secondary bore of the steering pulley.
 7. An arrangement in claim #1 whereby the steering input attachment (steering pulley) receives driver steering input via a pair of (anterior and posterior) cables (one cable exerting clockwise tension and the other cable exerting clockwise tension on the steering pulley) which attach to it.
 8. An arrangement in claim #1 whereby the steering input attachment receives driver steering input via chains instead of cables. The chains may be preferable if a steering column sprocket is used in place of a cable pulley for initiating steering forces.
 9. An arrangement in claim #1 whereby the steering input attachment receives driver input via a rod instead of cables. A steering arm and pivot bore are placed on the circumference of the steering pulley in this scenario.
 10. An arrangement in claim #1 whereby a steering cable rides on a cam that turns as the steering wheel changes angle. This cam is placed on the steering wheel shaft (or placed between the steering wheel and the wheel-based suspension, using linkages or cable pulleys to transfer steering forces). The cam is used to adjust for proper steering angles (Ackerman angle) on turns by fine-tuning movement of the steering cables.
 11. Lubrication system for suspension system in claim #1 whereby the sleeve (connected rigidly to the frame or vehicle structure) uses its inner surface as a lubricated contact area for the smaller concentric rod. The sleeve contains inner grooves which house both upper and lower o-ring seals and upper/lower scraper blades which prevent loss of lubricant and clean the rod respectively. An optional external (larger) oil reservoir may be used to hold lubricating fluid and may be attached to a hole drilled through the sleeve, allowing fluid to enter and lubricate the surfaces between the inner sleeve surface and the other surface of the oscillating/rotating rod.
 12. Lubrication system for suspension in claim #2 whereby each sleeve contains an oil hole that allows passage of oil from an external oil reservoir, via flexible oil tubing, to the inner surface of each sleeve. This inner sleeve surface acts as a lubricated contact area for the oscillating rods. Each sleeve contains upper and lower grooves on its inner surface for mounting of upper and lower o-rings and upper/lower scraper blades. These o-rings and scraper blades serve to prevent loss of lubricating oil from the lubrication surfaces (inner sleeve surfaces and outer rod surfaces) and keep the rod clean of debris.
 13. An arrangement in claim #3 whereby spring compression plates above (contacting surfaces of the upper ends of right and left springs) are each attached to cables. These cables accept tension that originates at the wheel knuckle during road bumps.
 14. An arrangement in claim #3 whereby two pulleys (right and left) are used as mounting points of cables (with distant ends that originate from an attachment near the wheel knuckle). The pulleys also serve as an attachment site for shorter cables that attach to compression plates at the tops of the right and left springs. Road bumps cause tension on the longer cables which in turn attach to and cause the pulleys to rotate, subsequently causing tension of the attached shorter cables, ultimately causing the first and second springs to be compressed. The pulleys, in addition to transferring tension from suspension movements at the wheel knuckle to the springs, serve as attachment sites for shock absorbers. The shock absorbers are mounted in such a way that turning of the pulley (during road bumps) causes compression of the shock absorbers. 